Integrated Taxonomic Information System - Report
Go to Print Version

Rhinella  Fitzinger, 1826
Taxonomic Serial No.: 773237

(Download Help) Rhinella TSN 773237

 Taxonomy and Nomenclature
       
  Kingdom: Animalia  
  Taxonomic Rank: Genus  
  Synonym(s): Rhamphophryne Trueb, 1971
  
    Atelophryniscus McCranie, Wilson and Williams, 1989
  
    Oxyrhynchus Spix, 1824
  
    Chaunus Wagler, 1828
  
    Otilophes Cuvier, 1829
  
    Otilophis Cuvier, 1831
  
    Phryniscus Wiegmann, 1834
  
    Osilophus Cuvier, 1829
  
    Otolophus Fitzinger, 1843
  
    Eurhina Fitzinger, 1843
  
    Chilophryne Fitzinger, 1843
  
    Docidophryne Fitzinger, 1843
  
    Trachycara Tschudi, 1845
  
    Otilophus Cuvier, 1829
  
    Aruncus Philippi, 1902
  
    Stenodactylus Philippi, 1902
  
    Otylophus Cuvier, 1829
  
    Otilopha Gray, 1831
  
    Palaeobufo Bolkay, 1919
  
  Common Name(s): South American Toads [English]
  
       
  Taxonomic Status:    
  Current Standing: valid  
       
  Data Quality Indicators:    
  Record Credibility Rating: verified - standards met  
  Global Species Completeness: complete   
  Latest Record Review: 2025   
       

 Taxonomic Hierarchy
       
 KingdomAnimalia  – Animal, animaux, animals  
    SubkingdomBilateria  – triploblasts  
       InfrakingdomDeuterostomia   
          PhylumChordata  – cordés, cordado, chordates  
             SubphylumVertebrata  – vertebrado, vertébrés, vertebrates  
                InfraphylumGnathostomata   
                   SuperclassTetrapoda   
                      ClassAmphibia  – amphibiens, anfíbio, Amphibians  
                         OrderAnura  – Frogs, perereca, rã, sapo, crapauds, grenouilles, Toads  
                            FamilyBufonidae Gray, 1825 – Bufonids, bufonidés, crapauds, Toads  
                               GenusRhinella Fitzinger, 1826 – South American Toads  
    Direct Children:  
                                  Species Rhinella achalensis (Cei, 1972)  
                                  Species Rhinella achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta and de Sá, 2004)  
                                  Species Rhinella acrolopha (Trueb, 1971)  
                                  Species Rhinella acutirostris (Spix, 1824)  
                                  Species Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884)  
                                  Species Rhinella altiperuviana (Gallardo, 1961)  
                                  Species Rhinella amabilis (Pramuk and Kadivar, 2003)  
                                  Species Rhinella amboroensis (Harvey and Smith, 1993)  
                                  Species Rhinella angeli Rojas-Zamora, Pérez-Peña, Ávila, Carvalho, Perez, Farias, Gordo and Hrbek, 2022  
                                  Species Rhinella arborescandens (Duellman and Schulte, 1992)  
                                  Species Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867)  
                                  Species Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782)  
                                  Species Rhinella atacamensis (Cei, 1962)  
                                  Species Rhinella azarai (Gallardo, 1965)  
                                  Species Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965)  
                                  Species Rhinella bella Menéndez-Guerrero, Santos, Salazar-Nicholls, Green and Ron, 2024  
                                  Species Rhinella bergi (Céspedez, 2000)  
                                  Species Rhinella bernardoi Sanabria, Quiroga, Arias and Cortez, 2010  
                                  Species Rhinella casconi Roberto, Brito and Thomé, 2014  
                                  Species Rhinella castaneotica (Caldwell, 1991)  
                                  Species Rhinella centralis Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009  
                                  Species Rhinella cerradensis Maciel, Brandão, Campos and Sebben, 2007  
                                  Species Rhinella chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar and Ponce, 2001)  
                                  Species Rhinella chrysophora (McCranie, Wilson and Williams, 1989)  
                                  Species Rhinella chullachaki Castillo-Urbina, Glaw, Aguilar-Puntriano, Vences and Köhler, 2021  
                                  Species Rhinella cristinae (Vélez-Rodriguez and Ruiz-Carranza, 2002)  
                                  Species Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)  
                                  Species Rhinella dapsilis (Myers and Carvalho, 1945)  
                                  Species Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862)  
                                  Species Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)  
                                  Species Rhinella exostosica Ferrão, Lima, Ron, Santos and Hanken, 2020  
                                  Species Rhinella festae (Peracca, 1904)  
                                  Species Rhinella fissipes (Boulenger, 1903)  
                                  Species Rhinella gallardoi (Carrizo, 1992)  
                                  Species Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967)  
                                  Species Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824)  
                                  Species Rhinella henseli (Lutz, 1934)  
                                  Species Rhinella hoogmoedi Caramaschi and Pombal, 2006  
                                  Species Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833) – Mesoamerican Cane Toad 
                                  Species Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo, 1965)  
                                  Species Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824)  
                                  Species Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913)  
                                  Species Rhinella inopina Vaz-Silva, Valdujo and Pombal, 2012  
                                  Species Rhinella iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)  
                                  Species Rhinella justinianoi (Harvey and Smith, 1994)  
                                  Species Rhinella kuka Köhler, Vences, Padial, Plewnia and Lötters, 2023  
                                  Species Rhinella kumanday Caicedo-Martínez, Henao-Osorio, Arias-Monsalve, Rojas-Morales, Ossa-López, Rivera-Páez et al., 2024  
                                  Species Rhinella leptoscelis (Boulenger, 1912)  
                                  Species Rhinella lescurei Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Vélez-Rodriguez, 2007  
                                  Species Rhinella lilyrodriguezae Cusi, Moravec, Lehr and Gvozdík, 2017  
                                  Species Rhinella limensis (Werner, 1901)  
                                  Species Rhinella lindae (Rivero and Castaño, 1990)  
                                  Species Rhinella macrorhina (Trueb, 1971)  
                                  Species Rhinella magnussoni Lima, Menin and Araújo, 2007  
                                  Species Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich, 1936)  
                                  Species Rhinella manu Chaparro, Pramuk and Gluesenkamp, 2007  
                                  Species Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768)  
                                  Species Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) – Cane Toad 
                                  Species Rhinella martyi Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Vélez-Rodriguez, 2007  
                                  Species Rhinella merianae (Gallardo, 1965)  
                                  Species Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965)  
                                  Species Rhinella moralesi Lehr, Cusi, Rodríguez, Venegas, García Ayachi and Catenazzi, 2021  
                                  Species Rhinella multiverrucosa (Lehr, Pramuk and Lundberg, 2005)  
                                  Species Rhinella nattereri (Bokermann, 1967)  
                                  Species Rhinella nesiotes (Duellman and Toft, 1979)  
                                  Species Rhinella nicefori (Cochran and Goin, 1970)  
                                  Species Rhinella ocellata (Günther, 1858)  
                                  Species Rhinella ornata (Spix, 1824)  
                                  Species Rhinella papillosa (Philippi, 1902)  
                                  Species Rhinella paraguas Grant and Bolívar-Garcías, 2014  
                                  Species Rhinella parecis Ávila, Morais, Perez, Pansonato, Carvalho, Rojas-Zamora, Gordo and Farias, 2020  
                                  Species Rhinella pleuroptera (Schmidt, 1857)  
                                  Species Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845)  
                                  Species Rhinella proboscidea (Spix, 1824)  
                                  Species Rhinella pygmaea (Myers and Carvalho, 1952)  
                                  Species Rhinella quechua (Gallardo, 1961)  
                                  Species Rhinella roqueana (Melin, 1941)  
                                  Species Rhinella rostrata (Noble, 1920)  
                                  Species Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925)  
                                  Species Rhinella rubropunctata (Guichenot, 1848)  
                                  Species Rhinella ruizi (Grant, 2000)  
                                  Species Rhinella rumbolli (Carrizo, 1992)  
                                  Species Rhinella sclerocephala (Mijares-Urrutia and Arends-R., 2001)  
                                  Species Rhinella sebbeni Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Bastos and Pombal, 2015  
                                  Species Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834)  
                                  Species Rhinella stanlaii (Lötters and Köhler, 2000)  
                                  Species Rhinella sternosignata (Günther, 1858)  
                                  Species Rhinella tacana (Padial, Reichle, McDiarmid and De la Riva, 2006)  
                                  Species Rhinella tenrec (Lynch and Renjifo, 1990)  
                                  Species Rhinella teotoniensis Ferrão, Souza, Hanken and Lima, 2022  
                                  Species Rhinella trifolium (Tschudi, 1845)  
                                  Species Rhinella truebae (Lynch and Renjifo, 1990)  
                                  Species Rhinella unapensis Rojas-Zamora, Pérez-Peña, Ávila, Carvalho, Perez, Farias, Gordo and Hrbek, 2022  
                                  Species Rhinella vellardi (Leviton and Duellman, 1978)  
                                  Species Rhinella veraguensis (Schmidt, 1857)  
                                  Species Rhinella veredas (Brandão, Maciel and Sebben, 2007)  
                                  Species Rhinella yanachaga Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges and Córdova, 2007  
       

 References
       
  Expert(s):    
  Expert:    
  Notes:    
  Reference for:    
       
  Other Source(s):    
  Source: Amphibian Species of the World 6.2 2025-09-15, database (version 6.2)  
  Acquired: 2025   
  Notes: Frost, Darrel R. 2025. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 (15 September, 2025). lectronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA   
  Reference for: Rhinella   
       
  Source: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v6, database (version 6.0)  
  Acquired: 2019   
  Notes: Frost, Darrel R. 2019. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6 (12 September, 2019). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA   
  Reference for: Rhinella   
       
  Publication(s):    
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed.  
  Publication Date: 2008   
  Article/Chapter Title: Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding, Sixth Ed.   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: Herpetological Circular No. 37   
  Page(s): 1-84   
  Publisher: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles   
  Publication Place:    
  ISBN/ISSN: 0-916984-74-5   
  Notes: Available free as a PDF at http://ssarherps.org/pages/HerpCommNames.php   
  Reference for: Rhinella, South American Toads [English]   
       
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Crother, Brian I., Ronald M. Bonett, Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed.  
  Publication Date: 2017   
  Article/Chapter Title: Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding, Eighth Ed.   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: Herpetological Circular, no. 43   
  Page(s): 102   
  Publisher:    
  Publication Place:    
  ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-946681-003   
  Notes: Available free as PDF, and as updated database, at https://ssarherps.org/publications/north-american-checklist/   
  Reference for: South American Toads[English]   
       

 Geographic Information
       
  Geographic Division:    
       
  Jurisdiction/Origin:    
 

 

    

 Comments
       
  Comment:    
 

 

    

 
 Subordinate Taxa  Rank  Verified Standards Met  Verified Min Standards Met  Unverified Percent Standards Met
 
LOADING...
 

A gray graphic bar
Search on:  Any Name or TSN  Common Name  Scientific Name  TSN
     


Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up-to-date information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the United States is a party, wildlife statutes, regulations, and any applicable notices that have been published in the Federal Register. For further information on U.S. legal requirements with respect to protected taxa, please contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

A gray bar