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Toxolasma lividum  Rafinesque, 1831
Taxonomic Serial No.: 906920

(Download Help) Toxolasma lividum TSN 906920

 Taxonomy and Nomenclature
       
  Kingdom: Animalia  
  Taxonomic Rank: Species  
  Synonym(s): Toxolasma lividus Rafinesque, 1831
  
    Unio glans Lea, 1831
  
    Unio moestus Lea, 1841
  
  Common Name(s): purple lilliput [English]
  
       
  Taxonomic Status:    
  Current Standing: valid  
       
  Data Quality Indicators:    
  Record Credibility Rating: verified - standards met  
       

 Taxonomic Hierarchy
       
 KingdomAnimalia  – Animal, animaux, animals  
    SubkingdomBilateria  – triploblasts  
       InfrakingdomProtostomia   
          SuperphylumSpiralia   
             PhylumMollusca  – mollusques, molusco, molluscs, mollusks  
                ClassBivalvia Linnaeus, 1758 – bivalves, clams, bivalves, palourdes, bivalve, mexilhão, ostra  
                   SubclassAutobranchia   
                      InfraclassHeteroconchia   
                         OrderUnionida   
                            SuperfamilyUnionoidea Rafinesque, 1820  
                               FamilyUnionidae Rafinesque, 1820  
                                  SubfamilyAmbleminae Rafinesque, 1820  
                                     TribeLampsilini Ihering, 1901  
                                        GenusToxolasma Rafinesque, 1831  
                                           SpeciesToxolasma lividum Rafinesque, 1831 – purple lilliput  
       

 References
       
  Expert(s):    
  Expert:    
  Notes:    
  Reference for:    
       
  Other Source(s):    
  Source: FMCS checklist of freshwater mussels (2021), PDF (version 09Aug2021)  
  Acquired: 2023   
  Notes: Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). Updated 09/08/2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Considered and approved by the Bivalve Names Subcommittee December 2020   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum, purple lilliput [English]   
       
  Source: MUSSEL Project Web Site, website (version 08Aug2013)  
  Acquired: 2013   
  Notes: Graf, D.L. & K.S. Cummings. 2013. The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves), updated 8 August 2013. MUSSEL Project Web Site, http://www.mussel-project.net   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       
  Source: MUSSEL Project Web Site (2023), website (version 15Nov2023)  
  Acquired: 2023   
  Notes: Graf, D. L. & K. S. Cummings. 2023. The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves), accessed 15 Nov 2023. MUSSEL Project Web Site, http://www.mussel-project.net   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       
  Publication(s):    
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Graf, Daniel L., and Kevin S. Cummings  
  Publication Date: 2007   
  Article/Chapter Title: Review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida)   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol. 73, part 4   
  Page(s): 291-314   
  Publisher:    
  Publication Place:    
  ISBN/ISSN: 0260-1230   
  Notes: doi: 10.1093/mollus/eym029   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Lee, Harry G.  
  Publication Date: 2006   
  Article/Chapter Title: Musings on a local specimen of Toxolasma paulum (I. Lea, 1840), the iridescent lilliput   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: The Shell-O-Gram, vol. 47, no. 5   
  Page(s): 3-6   
  Publisher:    
  Publication Place:    
  ISBN/ISSN: 2472-2774   
  Notes: Available online at http://www.jaxshells.org/jsc.html   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Rafinesque, C. S. / Binney, Wm. G., and George W. Tryon, Jr., eds  
  Publication Date: 1864   
  Article/Chapter Title: Continuation of a monograph of the bivalve shells of the River Ontario, and other rivers of the western states   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: The Complete Writings of Constantine Smaltz Rafinesque on Recent & Fossil Conchology   
  Page(s): 69-87   
  Publisher: Bailliere Brothers   
  Publication Place: New York, New York, USA   
  ISBN/ISSN:    
  Notes: A reprinting of Rafinesque's rare 1831 work is available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8422724   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Williams, James D., Arthur E. Bogan, and Jeffrey T. Garner  
  Publication Date: 2008   
  Article/Chapter Title:    
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: Freshwater Mussels of Alabama and the Mobile Basin in Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee   
  Page(s): xv + 908   
  Publisher: The University of Alabama Press   
  Publication Place: Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA   
  ISBN/ISSN: 0-8173-1613-2   
  Notes: doi: 10.1093/mollus/eym029   
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum, purple lilliput [English]   
       
  Author(s)/Editor(s): Williams, James D., Melvin L. Warren, Kevin S. Cummings, John L. Harris, and Richard J. Neves  
  Publication Date: 1993   
  Article/Chapter Title: Conservation status of the freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada   
  Journal/Book Name, Vol. No.: Fisheries, vol. 18, no. 9   
  Page(s): 6-22   
  Publisher:    
  Publication Place:    
  ISBN/ISSN: 0363-2415   
  Notes:    
  Reference for: Toxolasma lividum   
       

 Geographic Information
       
  Geographic Division: North America  
       
  Jurisdiction/Origin: Continental US, Native  
 

 

    

 Comments
       
  Comment: Gender (as neuter) is addressed by Lee (2006) and Williams et al. (2008:711). Original publication attributed to Rafinesque 1831, a rare, privately printed work that is not yet available online or in most libraries. It was republished in 1864, using original orthography. Therein (p.72), Unio is listed as a 'Tribe' after which is included '2. N.G. Toxolasma' with '79 sp. Unio lividus, (Toxolasma [lividus] 1822).' If the 1831 work is where the nominal taxon name lividus was made available, then it appears to be treating Toxolasma as the current genus, in which case the original combination is, by definition, Toxolasma lividus, despite the general confusion in the text  
    Widespread in the Interior Basin, excluding the upper Mississippi, USA  
 

 

    

 
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